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SPECIES ATLAS · CONOCYBULA

Conocybula cyanopus

Named by (G.F. Atk.) T. Bau & H.B. Song, 2024

Psilocybin record: confirmed (several modern analyses)

A history of a name and a chemistry record, not an identification guide. No name, picture or description can show that a wild mushroom is safe, and poisonous mushrooms are mistaken for magic mushrooms. If someone may have eaten a wild mushroom, call a poison centre without waiting for symptoms: 1-844-POISON-X in most of Canada, 1-800-463-5060 in Quebec. Call 911 if they’re unconscious, not breathing or having a seizure.

How it was named.

Atkinson published Galerula cyanopus in 1918 in the Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, from a New York collection (holotype CU 23302). It was moved to Pholiotina by Singer (1950) and to Conocybe by Kühner, and in 2024 Song and Bau moved it to Conocybula in Mycosphere, the name Species Fungorum now accepts. Most chemistry papers call it Pholiotina or Conocybe cyanopus.

Named
(G.F. Atk.) T. Bau & H.B. Song, 2024
First published as
Galerula cyanopus G.F. Atk. (1918)
Other names in the records
Pholiotina cyanopus (G.F. Atk.) Singer, Conocybe cyanopus (G.F. Atk.) Kühner, Galerula cyanopus G.F. Atk., Conocybe smithii Watling and Pholiotina smithii (Watling) Enderle (lumped here by GBIF's backbone only; Species Fungorum keeps Conocybula smithii separate)
Type specimen
New York, USA; holotype CU 23302 (Index Fungorum, for Galerula cyanopus). (Index Fungorum record, Galerula cyanopus)
The pin marks the type locality at the level of detail the record gives: one historical collection, not a range or a place to look. Land outlines: Natural Earth.

The psilocybin record.

Every analysis we could verify, oldest first, including results that found nothing. No amounts are given: they vary between collections and this is not a potency guide.

  1. 1984

    Confirmed Psilocybin and psilocin found in Norwegian material (as Conocybe cyanopus)

    Method: HPLC with UV, fluorescence and electrochemical detection. Christiansen, Rasmussen & Høiland 1984, Planta Medica 50: 341-343 (abstract)

  2. 2015

    Confirmed Psilocybin, psilocin, baeocystin, norbaeocystin and aeruginascin found in Polish material (Żywiec)

    Method: LC-MS. Halama et al. 2015, Open Life Sciences 10: 40-51 (abstract via Crossref)

  3. 2022

    Confirmed Baeocystin, norbaeocystin, psilocin and psilocybin in three fruiting bodies from a single fungarium collection; similar to Halama et al. 2015; psilocybin was not found in every fruiting body (range starts at 0)

    Method: UHPLC-MS/MS. Gotvaldová et al. 2022, Int. J. Mol. Sci. 23: 14068 (full text, PMC9693126)

What the record doesn’t show: Each modern analysis rests on a single collection, and the genus name changed in 2024, so sources use three different genera.

Records on file.

GBIF, the global biodiversity database, held 204 occurrence records under this name, 27 of them from Canada, when we checked on October 25, 2026. GBIF held 27 Canadian occurrence records on 25 October 2026 (its backbone also counts records filed as Conocybe/Pholiotina smithii here). Records include unverified observations and old misidentifications, so counts show where people have recorded the name, not where it grows.

See the name on GBIF

Sources

Compiled from the sources above; last checked .

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